In 2005 more than 100 million cell phones were discarded in the United States, equalling over 50,000 tons of still-usable equipment [1]
There are more than 4 billion mobile phone users worldwide [2]
Around the world, mobile phone sales have increased from more than 100 million units per year in 1997 to an estimated 779 million units per year in 2005 [3]
Less than 1 percent of the millions of cell phones retired and discarded annually are recycled [4]
A global consumer survey released by Nokia reveals that only 3% of the total mobile phone users recycle their phones (6,500 people in 13 countries were interviewed, owning an average of 5 phones each) [5]
Over 3 billion people globally own mobiles: if each of them returned one phone for recycling, over 240,000 tons of raw materials could be saved. The carbon emissions saved from this would be the equivalent to taking 4 million cars off the road [6]
Nokia conducted a study which found that between 65-80% of a phone can be recycled and roughly 18,500 homes could be powered for a year with the energy wasted by old phones being thrown away instead of being recycled [7]
Every year, over 100 million cell phones are made obsolete. The average life span of a cell phone is just 18 months. The average American cell phone user owns three or more cellular phones. Up to 75% of obsolete phones are stockpiled in drawers, including the battery and the charger [8]
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 130 million mobile phones go out of use annually in the U.S. This creates an estimated 65,000 tons of electronic waste [9]
To make one phone, over 2kgs of raw materials are required, including petroleum-based plastics, liquid crystal display materials, brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and toxic heavy metals including cadmium, lead, nickel, mercury, manganese, lithium, zinc, arsenic, antimony, beryllium and copper. If not properly recycled, toxins from these materials can seep from mobile devices into the environment when discarded in landfill, where they can accumulate in the food chain and cause damage to plants, animals and humans [10]
Its estimated that over 56 million mobile phones ended up in landfill in 2008 [11]
Over 90% of the materials in mobile phones can be recovered, including nickel, cadmium, cobalt, gold, silver, copper, plastics and others [12]
The use of a mobile phone charger is one of the biggest environmental impacts of a mobile phone. Only five percent of the power consumed by phone chargers is used to actually charge the phone; the other 95 percent is wasted as the charger still draws energy when plugged in [13]
Despite the fact that a phones battery should last 7 years, most Australians upgrade or exchange their mobile phones for a new one every 18 months. This means that there are approximately 16 million unused mobile phones stashed away at home or in the office [14]
Australians purchased 40 million mobile phones in past 5 years including 9.28 million in 2007 [15]
Resources Used in Mobile Phones
Gold
The worlds largest producer of gold is South Africa, which is estimated to have at least half of the worlds gold resources. Other gold-producing countries include the United States, Brazil and Australia. Approximately one-fifth of the total resources of gold in the world are produced as a by-product from copper and silver ores[18] . Research conducted by Yokohama Metal revealed that a ton of ore from a gold mine produces an average of only 5g of gold, while a ton of discarded mobile phones can yield up to 150g of gold. [19]
Silver
Silver occurs as crystals and as a compact mass naturally in the environment. There are small amounts extracted in Germany and Mexico, with the majority of the worlds silver coming from acanthite mined in Mexico, Bolivia and Honduras, and stephanite, which is mined in Canada. Silver is also a by-product in the refining of other metals and the majority of the worlds silver is produced in this way. [20]
Mercury
Mercury is a known toxic substance to humans and other living species. It is used in the batteries of phones and is a toxic substance that can contaminate the air, water and soils. It is formed during the process of mining and amalgamation of gold and silver. [21]
Lead
Lead is a toxic metal that is used as a solder in chip boards, but due to the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive in the European Union it is being used less and less. However the 700 million obsolete phones discarded in 2005 contained roughly 560,000 kg of lead solder.
Palladium
Palladium, one of the rare metals used in mobile phones, had an average price for the period 2002-2004 of $265 per troy ounce. At this average price, a cell phone contains almost 13 cents worth of palladium. The total value of palladium in cell phones retired annually, without accounting for the recovery costs, is $16 million; the value for obsolete cell phones in storage is $63 million [22]Nickel
Most nickel found in the Earth is fairly inaccessible as it is locked away in the planet's iron-nickel molten core, which is roughly 10% nickel. Coal and oil contain considerable amounts of nickel as organic matter absorbs the metal. It is mined in Russia, Australia, New Caledonia, Cuba, Canada and South Africa. It is estimated that this metal can be extracted for roughly 150 more years before resources are exhausted.[16]
Platinum
Platinum is found in thin layers of metal ore known as sulphide in igneous rocks. Most of the worlds platinum supply comes from South Africa and but is also mined in Russia, Canada, Zimbabwe and Australia. {17